Country readiness · Asia

India justice-navigation hub

Constitutional foundations, court hierarchy, NALSA legal-aid structure, and structural access barriers — presented as navigation information, not case-specific legal advice.

Constitutional anchors

Article 14 — Equality before law
Article 21 — Life and personal liberty; fair procedure
Article 22(1) — Grounds of arrest; counsel
Article 32 — Supreme Court constitutional remedies
Article 39A — Equal justice and free legal aid
Article 50 — Separation of judiciary from executive

Judicial hierarchy

Supreme Court of India
High Courts (25) with Article 226 writ jurisdiction
District & Sessions Courts
Civil / magistrate courts
Tribunals, commissions, special courts
Lok Adalats, Permanent Lok Adalats, mediation

Legal aid

NALSA structure

NALSA → SLSA → HCLSC / DLSA → TLSC, with SCLSC at the Supreme Court level.

Who may seek free legal aid

Section 12 categories include SC/ST members, women and children, persons with disability or mental illness, industrial workmen, persons in custody, trafficking or disaster victims, and persons below income limits.

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Official starting points

NALSA legal aid · eCourts services · India Code

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